Lesson 9 — Past Tense: Adjectives and Nouns

Overview

In this lesson, we focus on expressing the past tense with い-adjectives, な-adjectives, and noun sentences. Japanese past tense for adjectives and nouns follows consistent, learnable patterns — and mastering them here will make verb past tense patterns feel familiar when you encounter them later.


Part 1: い-Adjectives in the Past Tense


The Conjugation Rule

All い-adjectives follow the same rule. The key is the stem — the adjective with its final い removed.

FormHow to build itEnding
Polite present +adjective + ですかわいい + です
Polite present −stem + くないですかわいく + ないです
Polite past +stem + かったですかわいか + ったです
Polite past −stem + くなかったですかわいく + なかったです
Casual present +adjective (unchanged)かわいい
Casual present −stem + くないかわいく + ない
Casual past +stem + かったかわいか + った
Casual past −stem + くなかったかわいく + なかった

💡 The past tense pattern in plain terms:

  • Positive past: remove い → add かった (+です for polite)
  • Negative past: remove い → add → add なかった (+です for polite)

—From here on, it will be available to members only

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