Lesson 30 — Conjunctive Particles 

Overview


Conjunctive particles (接続助詞 せつぞくじょし) connect a subordinate clause (S1) to a main clause (S2), showing the semantic relationship between them — sequence, cause, contrast, condition, and more. Each particle expresses this connection with its own particular nuance.

Many of these have appeared in earlier lessons in specific contexts; this lesson brings them together into a single organized reference.

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