Restating — “in other words / that is to say”
Hearsay — “I heard / according to”
Introducing a topic — “speaking of / when it comes to”
Topic-shift conjunction — “by the way / well now”
Cause & reason — “because of / due to”
Conclusion — “Eventually / finally / in the end”
Purpose — “in order to / so that”
Comparison — “rather than / compared to”
Substitution — “instead of / on behalf of”
Talking about a topic — “about / concerning / regarding”
Going against something — “contrary to / against”
Defying expectations — “considering / given that”
Adding a second point — “not only… but also”
Standing firm against conditions — “even if / no matter how”
Contrasting within one thought — “although / but / despite”
Changing together — “as / the more…”
Pairing with a negative — “never / hardly / not really”
When you can’t help it — “can’t help / no use doing”
The わけ family — “reason, conclusion, and impossibility”
Impossible — “can’t be done”
Softening a claim — “not necessarily / it’s not that…not”
Guessing at likelihood — “maybe / surely / no way”
Seeming and appearing — “looks like / as if”
Tendency — “tends to / prone to”
Conditionals — “if / supposing / if only
Should and must — “should / must / have to”
Regret — “should have / would have”
Intention — “I intended to / with the intention of”
Trying and refusing — “try to / won’t try to”
Giving examples — “for example / such as”
So much that — “so… that / too… to”
Extent and degree — “to the point of / about”
Timing — “the moment / whenever / every”
Order of Events — “only after / not until first”
Doing something during something else — “while / in the middle of / on the way”
Only and just — “only / nothing but / no choice but”
Deliberately or by accident — “on purpose / without thinking”
Finishing an action — “do completely / leave half-done”
Made for / suited to — “intended for / suitable for”
Amount — “as much as possible / at most / at least”
Full of / filled with — “covered in / put into”